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  2. Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-arteritic_anterior...

    The exact mechanism of optic nerve ischemia in these cases remains unclear, but contributing factors may include hypotension, anemia, hypoxia, and changes in the autoregulation of optic nerve arterial blood flow. The incidence of ischemic optic neuropathy leading to vision loss following general surgeries ranges between 0.1% and 0.002%. [15] [16]

  3. Relative afferent pupillary defect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_afferent_pupillar...

    The left optic nerve and the optic tracts. A Marcus Gunn pupil indicates an afferent defect, usually at the level of the retina or optic nerve . Moving a bright light from the unaffected eye to the affected eye would cause both eyes to dilate, because the ability to perceive the bright light is diminished.

  4. Ischemic optic neuropathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ischemic_optic_neuropathy

    Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) is the loss of structure and function of a portion of the optic nerve due to obstruction of blood flow to the nerve (i.e. ischemia).Ischemic forms of optic neuropathy are typically classified as either anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or posterior ischemic optic neuropathy according to the part of the optic nerve that is affected.

  5. Optic neuritis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_neuritis

    The repetition of an idiopathic optic neuritis is considered a distinct clinical condition, and when it shows demyelination, it has been found to be associated to anti-MOG and AQP4-negative neuromyelitis optica. [20] When an inflammatory recurrent optic neuritis is not demyelinating, it is called chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy ...

  6. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_ischemic_optic...

    The optic disc is where the axons from the retinal ganglion cells collect into the optic nerve. The optic nerve is the bundle of axons that carry the visual signals from the eye to the brain. This optic nerve must penetrate through the wall of the eye, and the hole to accommodate this is usually 20-30% larger than the nerve diameter.

  7. Optic neuropathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_neuropathy

    Optic neuritis, when combined with the presence of multiple demyelinating white matter brain lesions on MRI, is suspicious for multiple sclerosis. Several causes and clinical courses are possible for the optic neuritis. It can be classified in: Single isolated optic neuritis (SION) relapsing isolated optic neuritis (RION)

  8. Swinging light test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swinging_light_test

    When the optic nerve is damaged, the sensory (afferent) stimulus sent to the midbrain is reduced. The pupil, responding less vigorously, dilates from its prior constricted state when the light is moved away from the unaffected eye and towards the affected eye. This response is a relative afferent pupillary defect (or Marcus Gunn pupil). [1]

  9. Amsler grid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsler_grid

    Chart 1 is the basic version, which is the most familiar and widely used chart among all the charts. In this chart the grid consists of 0.5 cm squares (each for 1° visual field), which totally measures 10 cm X 10 cm size. Most commonly grid is in white color with black background. [3]

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