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Maternal deprivation. Maternal deprivation is a scientific term summarising the early work of psychiatrist and psychoanalyst John Bowlby on the effects of separating infants and young children from their mother (or primary caregiver). [1] Although the effect of loss of the mother on the developing child had been considered earlier by Freud and ...
Monkey clinging to the cloth mother surrogate in fear test. Harry Frederick Harlow (October 31, 1905 – December 6, 1981) was an American psychologist best known for his maternal-separation, dependency needs, and social isolation experiments on rhesus monkeys, which manifested the importance of caregiving and companionship to social and cognitive development.
This publication also attempted to address the previous lack of evidence on the effects of paternal deprivation. According to Rutter, the importance of Bowlby's initial writings on "maternal deprivation" lay in his emphasis that children's experiences of interpersonal relationships were crucial to their psychological development. [27]
Hospitalism. Hospitalism (or anaclitic depression in its sublethal form) [1] was a pediatric diagnosis used in the 1930s to describe infants who wasted away while in a hospital. The symptoms could include decreased physical development and disruption of perceptual-motor skills and language. [2] In the first half of the 20th century, hospitalism ...
This theory was both influential and controversial. Rutter made a significant contribution, his 1981 monograph and other papers (Rutter 1972; Rutter 1979) constituting the definitive empirical evaluation and update of Bowlby's early work on maternal deprivation.
Attachment theory. For infants and toddlers, the "set-goal" of the behavioural system is to maintain or achieve proximity to attachment figures, usually the parents. Attachment theory is a psychological and evolutionary framework concerning the relationships between humans, particularly the importance of early bonds between infants and their ...
Maternal healthis the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. In most cases, maternal health encompasses the health caredimensions of family planning, preconception, prenatal, and postnatalcare in order to ensure a positive and fulfilling experience. In other cases, maternal health can reduce maternal morbidity ...
The pit of despair was a name used by American comparative psychologist Harry Harlow for a device he designed, technically called a vertical chamber apparatus, that he used in experiments on rhesus macaque monkeys at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the 1970s. [2] The aim of the research was to produce an animal model of depression.