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An oligosaccharide has both a reducing and a non-reducing end. The reducing end of an oligosaccharide is the monosaccharide residue with hemiacetal functionality, thereby capable of reducing the Tollens’ reagent, while the non-reducing end is the monosaccharide residue in acetal form, thus incapable of reducing the Tollens’ reagent. [2]
Pre-ferment. Appearance. Pain pouliche, a ferment. A ferment (also known as bread starter) is a fermentation starter used in indirect[ 1 ][ 2 ] methods of bread making. It may also be called mother dough. A ferment and a longer fermentation in the bread-making process have several benefits: there is more time for yeast, enzyme and, if ...
Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products. Because yeasts perform this conversion in the absence of oxygen, alcoholic fermentation is considered an anaerobic process.
The Maillard reaction (/ maɪˈjɑːr / my-YAR; French: [majaʁ]) is a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars to create melanoidins, the compounds that give browned food its distinctive flavor. Seared steaks, fried dumplings, cookies and other kinds of biscuits, breads, toasted marshmallows, falafel and many other foods ...
Sucrose, a disaccharide, is a sugar composed of glucose and fructose subunits. It is produced naturally in plants and is the main constituent of white sugar. It has the molecular formula C12H22O11. For human consumption, sucrose is extracted and refined from either sugarcane or sugar beet.
Sponge and dough. The sponge and dough method is a two-step bread making process: in the first step a sponge is made and allowed to ferment for a period of time, and in the second step the sponge is added to the final dough's ingredients, [ 1 ] creating the total formula. [ 2 ] In this usage, synonyms for sponge are yeast starter or yeast pre ...
Baker's yeast is also a single-cell microorganism found on and around the human body. The use of steamed or boiled potatoes, [ 3 ] water from potato boiling, [ 4 ] or sugar in a bread dough provides food for the growth of yeasts; however, too much sugar will dehydrate them. [ 5 ] Yeast growth is inhibited by both salt and sugar, but more so by ...
Drop batters, such as cornbread and muffin batters, have a liquid-to-dry ratio of about 1:2. Soft doughs, such as many chocolate chip cookie doughs, have a liquid-to-dry ratio of about 1:3. Soft doughs stick significantly to work surfaces. Stiff doughs, such as pie crust and sugar cookie doughs, have a liquid-to-dry ratio of about 1:8. Stiff ...