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Public administration is both an academic discipline and a field of practice; the latter is depicted in this picture of U.S. federal public servants at a meeting.. Public administration, or public policy and administration refers to "the management of public programs", [1] or the "translation of politics into the reality that citizens see every day", [2] and also to the academic discipline ...
Schools. Business portal. Money portal. v. t. e. Public economics(or economics of the public sector) is the study of government policy through the lens of economic efficiency and equity. Public economics builds on the theory of welfare economics and is ultimately used as a tool to improve social welfare. Welfare can be defined in terms of well ...
New public management (NPM) is an approach to running public service organizations that is used in government and public service institutions and agencies, at both sub-national and national levels. The term was first introduced by academics in the UK and Australia [ 1 ][full citation needed] to describe approaches that were developed during the ...
Public policy. Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions [1][2] to solve or address relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception [3] and often implemented by programs. These policies govern and include various aspects of life such as education, health ...
Local government is a generic term for the lowest tiers of governance or public administration within a particular sovereign state. Local governments typically constitute a subdivision of a higher-level political and/or administrative unit, such as a nation or state. Local governments generally act within the powers and functions assigned to ...
t. e. Public finance refers to the monetary resources available to governments and also to the study of finance within government and role of the government in the economy. [ 1 ] As a subject of study, it is the branch of economics which assesses the government revenue and government expenditure of the public authorities and the adjustment of ...
The law of modern Africa exists as a conglomerate of legal practices and systems, otherwise labeled as legal pluralism. [ 6 ] This is derived from its traditional ancestry, diverse colonial legacy and post-independence. Historical Great court of the Ashanti Empire in poor condition between the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the Republic of South Africa. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic, it sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of the Government. The current constitution, the country's fifth, was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in ...