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An onboard refueling vapor recovery system (ORVR) is a vehicle fuel vapor emission control system that captures volatile organic compounds (VOC, potentially harmful vapors) during refueling. [1][page needed] There are two types of vehicle fuel vapor emission control systems: the ORVR, and the Stage II vapor recovery system. [2]
Vehicle emissions control is the study of reducing the emissions produced by motor vehicles, especially internal combustion engines. The primary emissions studied include hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and sulfur oxides. Starting in the 1950s and 1960s, various ...
Two sets, or tiers, of emission standards for light-duty vehicles in the United States were defined as a result of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. The Tier I standard was adopted in 1991 and was phased in from 1994 to 1997. Tier II standards were phased in from 2004 to 2009. Within the Tier II ranking, there is a subranking ranging from ...
San Francisco lost both. In fact, the 49ers (2-3) were shut out entirely in the second half of Sunday's 24-23 defeat against the Arizona Cardinals. Unimaginable losses for the 49ers in a 3-week ...
The illness affects the nervous system and causes severe weakness in the arms and legs. ... The D68 enterovirus strain started causing more serious problems in 2014, when the U.S. saw, for the ...
OBD-II PIDs (On-board diagnostics Parameter IDs) are codes used to request data from a vehicle, used as a diagnostic tool. SAE standard J1979 defines many OBD-II PIDs. All on-road vehicles and trucks sold in North America are required to support a subset of these codes, primarily for state mandated emissions inspections.
A system using vests chilled with ice has been tested successfully, [26] and tubesuits chilled with water at 30 °C (86 °F) have been tested in ambient water temperatures of up to 40 °C (104 °F). [27] [28] Cold breathing gas can help cool the diver, and preventing the gas supply from being heated by the ambient water may be useful. The ...
On-board diagnostics. Various views of a "MaxScan OE509" – a fairly typical onboard diagnostics (OBD) scanner, 2015. On-board diagnostics (OBD) is a term referring to a vehicle's self-diagnostic and reporting capability. In the United States, this capability is a requirement to comply with federal emissions standards to detect failures that ...