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Cefalexin. Cefalexin, also spelled cephalexin, is an antibiotic that can treat a number of bacterial infections. [4] It kills gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the growth of the bacterial cell wall. [4] Cefalexin is a β-lactam antibiotic within the class of first-generation cephalosporins. [4]
Mesangial cells are specialised cells in the kidney that make up the mesangium of the glomerulus. Together with the mesangial matrix, they form the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle. [1] The mesangial cell population accounts for approximately 30-40% of the total cells in the glomerulus. [2] Mesangial cells can be categorized as either ...
The renal fascia is a dense, elastic connective tissue envelope enclosing the kidney and adrenal gland, together with the layer of perirenal fat surrounding these two. [ 1 ] The renal fascia separates the adipose capsule of kidney from the overlying pararenal fat. The deeper layers deep to the renal fascia are, in order, the adipose capsule (or ...
CVA tenderness often indicates kidney pathology, but it may result from other medical problems. [4] CVA tenderness is often present in acute pyelonephritis . [ 5 ] [ 4 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] CVA tenderness may be present in patients who have a kidney stone , [ 8 ] [ 7 ] a stone in the ureter , [ 8 ] a ureteropelvic junction obstruction, [ 8 ] a kidney ...
The renal capsule is a tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney and covered in a layer of perirenal fat known as the adipose capsule of kidney. The adipose capsule is sometimes included in the structure of the renal capsule. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. The renal capsule is surrounded by the renal fascia.
Nephrology. Interstitial nephritis, also known as tubulointerstitial nephritis, is inflammation of the area of the kidney known as the renal interstitium, which consists of a collection of cells, extracellular matrix, and fluid surrounding the renal tubules. It is also known as intestinal nephritis because the clinical picture may in some cases ...
In humans, the kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs [ 1 ] that are a multilobar, multipapillary form of mammalian kidneys, usually without signs of external lobulation. [ 2 ][ 3 ] They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space, and in adult humans are about 12 centimetres (4+1⁄2 inches) in ...
The normal range of GFR, adjusted for body surface area, is 100–130 average 125 mL/min/1.73m 2 in men and 90–120 ml/min/1.73m 2 in women younger than the age of 40. In children, GFR measured by inulin clearance is 110 mL/min/1.73 m 2 until 2 years of age in both sexes, and then it progressively decreases.