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Seagrass meadows provide coastal storm protection by the way their leaves absorb energy from waves as they hit the coast. They keep coastal waters healthy by absorbing bacteria and nutrients, and slow the speed of climate change by sequestering carbon dioxide into the sediment of the ocean floor.
Carbon sequestration is part of the natural carbon cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere (soil), geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of Earth. [citation needed] Carbon dioxide is naturally captured from the atmosphere through biological, chemical, or physical processes, and stored in long-term reservoirs.
The amount of carbon dioxide varies naturally in a dynamic equilibrium with photosynthesis of land plants. The natural carbon sinks are: Soil is a carbon store and active carbon sink. [8] Photosynthesis by terrestrial plants with grass and trees allows them to serve as carbon sinks during growing seasons.
Walrus bioturbations in Arctic benthic sediments have large-scale ecosystem effects. [ 1 ] Bioturbation is defined as the reworking of soils and sediments by animals or plants. It includes burrowing, ingestion, and defecation of sediment grains. Bioturbating activities have a profound effect on the environment and [ 2 ] are thought to be a ...
The biological pump (or ocean carbon biological pump or marine biological carbon pump) is the ocean's biologically driven sequestration of carbon from the atmosphere and land runoff to the ocean interior and seafloor sediments. [ 1 ] In other words, it is a biologically mediated process which results in the sequestering of carbon in the deep ...
River ecosystem. This stream operating together with its environment can be thought of as forming a river ecosystem. River ecosystems are flowing waters that drain the landscape, and include the biotic (living) interactions amongst plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions of its many ...
Lake ecosystem. A lake ecosystem or lacustrine ecosystem includes biotic (living) plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (non-living) physical and chemical interactions. [ 1 ] Lake ecosystems are a prime example of lentic ecosystems (lentic refers to stationary or relatively still freshwater, from the Latin lentus, which means ...
Terrestrial biological carbon cycle. Interconnection between carbon, hydrogen and oxygen cycle in metabolism of photosynthesizing plants. The carbon cycle is an essential part of life on Earth. About half the dry weight of most living organisms is carbon. [citation needed] It plays an important role in the structure, biochemistry, and nutrition ...