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The therapeutic index (TI; also referred to as therapeutic ratio) is a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug with regard to risk of overdose. It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes toxicity to the amount that causes the therapeutic effect. [1] The related terms therapeutic window or safety window ...
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a branch of clinical chemistry and clinical pharmacology that specializes in the measurement of medication levels in blood. Its main focus is on drugs with a narrow therapeutic range, i.e. drugs that can easily be under- or overdosed. [1] TDM aimed at improving patient care by individually adjusting the dose ...
For the geodetic datum ED50, see ED50. In pharmacology, an effective dose (ED) or effective concentration (EC) is the dose or concentration of a drug that produces a biological response. [1][2] The term "effective dose" is used when measurements are taken in vivo, while "effective concentration" is used when the measurements are taken in vitro.
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency[1] is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. [2] A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, clonazepam, risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of ...
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs[1][3] (NSAID) [1] are members of a therapeutic drug class which reduces pain, [4] decreases inflammation, decreases fever, [1] and prevents blood clots. Side effects depend on the specific drug, its dose and duration of use, but largely include an increased risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeds, heart ...
Trough level. In medicine and pharmacology, a trough level or trough concentration (Ctrough) is the concentration reached by a drug immediately before the next dose is administered, [1][2] often used in therapeutic drug monitoring. The name comes from the idea that on a graph of concentration versus time, the line forms a U-shaped trough at the ...
Generic Product Identifier. The Generic Product Identifier (GPI) is a 14-character hierarchical classification system created by Wolters Kluwer's Medi-Span that identifies drugs from their primary therapeutic use down to the unique interchangeable product regardless of manufacturer or package size. The code consists of seven subsets, each ...
A tablet (also known as a pill) is a pharmaceutical oral dosage form (oral solid dosage, or OSD) or solid unit dosage form. Tablets may be defined as the solid unit dosage form of medication with suitable excipients. It comprises a mixture of active substances and excipients, usually in powder form, that are pressed or compacted into a solid dose.