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When considering the nature and effects of object-based attention, [9] three research theories are commonly mentioned; [10] these are presented below. Consideration is then given to the enhancing effect of object-based attention on memory, and its inhibitory effect during certain kinds of visual search.
Visual search is a type of perceptual task requiring attention that typically involves an active scan of the visual environment for a particular object or feature (the target) among other objects or features (the distractors). [1] Visual search can take place with or without eye movements.
The preattentive process, as Wolfe explains, directs attention in both a bottom-up and top-down way. Information acquired through both bottom-up and top-down processing is ranked according to priority. The priority ranking guides visual search and makes the search more efficient. Whether the Guided Search Model 2.0 or the feature integration ...
For example, pre-attentive processing is slowed by sleep deprivation while attention, although less focused, is not slowed. [6] Furthermore, when searching for a particular visual stimulus among a variety of visual distractions, people often have more trouble finding what they are looking for if one or more of the distractions is particularly ...
The Trail Making Test is a neuropsychological test of visual attention and task switching.It has two parts, in which the subject is instructed to connect a set of 25 dots as quickly as possible while maintaining accuracy. [1]
Biased competition theory advocates the idea that each object in the visual field competes for cortical representation and cognitive processing. [1] This theory suggests that the process of visual processing can be biased by other mental processes such as bottom-up and top-down systems which prioritize certain features of an object or whole items for attention and further processing.
A majority of experiments highlights a role of human posterior parietal cortex in visual working memory and attention. We therefore have to establish a clear separation of visual memory and attention from processes related to the planning of goal-directed motor behaviors. We can only hold in mind a minute fraction of the visual scene.
Encoding is to sample and represent visual inputs (e.g., to represent visual inputs as neural activities in the retina). Selection, or attentional selection, is to select a tiny fraction of input information for further processing, e.g., by shifting gaze to an object or visual location to better process the visual signals at that location ...