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  2. Logical equality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_equality

    Logical equality is a logical operator that compares two truth values, or more generally, two formulas, such that it gives the value True if both arguments have the same truth value, and False if they are different.

  3. List of representations of e - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_representations_of_e

    Since e is an irrational number (see proof that e is irrational), it cannot be represented as the quotient of two integers, but it can be represented as a continued fraction. Using calculus, e may also be represented as an infinite series, infinite product, or other types of limit of a sequence.

  4. Euler's identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_identity

    Euler's identity therefore states that the limit, as n approaches infinity, of (+) is equal to −1. This limit is illustrated in the animation to the right. Euler's formula for a general angle. Euler's identity is a special case of Euler's formula, which states that for any real number x,

  5. List of logic symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_logic_symbols

    Corner quotes, also called “Quine quotes”; for quasi-quotation, i.e. quoting specific context of unspecified (“variable”) expressions; [4] also used for denoting Gödel number; [5] for example “āŒœGāŒ” denotes the Gödel number of G. (Typographical note: although the quotes appears as a “pair” in unicode (231C and 231D), they ...

  6. Equality (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_(mathematics)

    The first use of an equals sign, equivalent to + = in modern notation. From The Whetstone of Witte (1557) by Robert Recorde. Recorde's introduction of =."And to avoid the tedious repetition of these words: "is equal to" I will set as I do often in work use, a pair of parallels, or twin lines of one [the same] length, thus: ==, because no 2 things can be more equal." [5]

  7. Necessity and sufficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_and_sufficiency

    The sun being above the horizon is a necessary condition for direct sunlight; but it is not a sufficient condition, as something else may be casting a shadow, e.g., the moon in the case of an eclipse. The assertion that Q is necessary for P is colloquially equivalent to "P cannot be true unless Q is true" or "if Q is false, then P is false".

  8. Logical constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_constant

    In logic, a logical constant or constant symbol of a language is a symbol that has the same semantic value under every interpretation of .Two important types of logical constants are logical connectives and quantifiers.

  9. Equating coefficients - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equating_coefficients

    A similar problem, involving equating like terms rather than coefficients of like terms, arises if we wish to de-nest the nested radicals + to obtain an equivalent expression not involving a square root of an expression itself involving a square root, we can postulate the existence of rational parameters d, e such that