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Mamluk or Mamaluk (/ ˈ m æ m l uː k /; Arabic: مملوك, romanized: mamlūk (singular), مماليك, mamālīk (plural); [2] translated as "one who is owned", [5] meaning "slave") [7] were non-Arab, ethnically diverse (mostly Turkic, Caucasian, Eastern and Southeastern European) enslaved mercenaries, slave-soldiers, and freed slaves who were assigned high-ranking military and ...
The Mamluks were motivated by personal piety or political expediency for Islam was both an assimilating and unifying factor between the Mamluks and the majority of their subjects; the early mamluks had been brought up as Sunni Muslims and the Islamic faith was the only aspect of life shared between the Mamluk ruling elite and its subjects.
Sultans of the Mamluk Sultanate The Cairo Citadel, the seat of power of the Mamluk sultans Details Last monarch Tuman bay II Formation 1250 Abolition 1517 Residence Cairo The following is a list of Mamluk sultans. The Mamluk Sultanate was founded in 1250 by mamluks of the Ayyubid sultan as-Salih Ayyub and it succeeded the Ayyubid state. It was based in Cairo and for much of its history, the ...
Initially recruited during the Egyptian campaign, the Mamelukes were repatriated with the French troops to metropolitan France where they were organized into a squadron, later reduced to a simple company. The various spellings of the squadron's name include Mamelukes, Mamluks, Mamelouks and Mameloucks.
As with the preceding Bahri Mamluks, the members of the Burji Mamluk ruling class were purchased as slaves and manumitted, with the most powerful among them taking the role of sultan in Cairo. During this period, the ruling Mamluks were generally of Circassian origin, drawn from the Christian population of the northern Caucasus.
In 1265, the Mamluks launched an invasion of northern Makuria, and forced the Nubian king to become a vassal of the Mamluks. [46] Around that time, the Mamluks had conquered the Red Sea areas of Suakin and the Dahlak Archipelago, while attempting to extend their control to the Hejaz (western Arabia), the desert regions west of the Nile, and ...
At the time of the conquest, the Visigothic upper class was beginning to fracture [5] and had many problems with succession and maintaining power. [5] That was partially because the Visigoths were only 1 to 2% of the population, [5] which made it difficult to maintain control over a rebellious population.
The Ottomans overthrew the Mamluk regime in 1831 and gradually imposed their direct rule over Iraq, which would last until World War I, although the Mamluks continued to be a dominant socio-political force in Iraq, as most of the administrative personnel of note in Baghdad were drawn from former Mamluk households, or comprised a cross-section ...