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A billet is a length of metal that has a round or square cross-section, with an area less than 36 in 2 (230 cm 2). Billets are created directly via continuous casting or extrusion or indirectly via hot rolling an ingot or bloom. [1] [2] [4] Billets are further processed via profile rolling and drawing. Final products include bar stock and wire. [3]
An ingot is a piece of relatively pure material, usually metal, that is cast into a shape suitable for further processing. [1] In steelmaking, it is the first step among semi-finished casting products. Ingots usually require a second procedure of shaping, such as cold/hot working, cutting, or milling to produce a useful final product.
Parallels supporting a vee block and a workpiece. A parallel is a rectangular block of metal, commonly made from tool steel, stainless steel or cast iron, which has 2, [1] 4 or 6 faces ground or lapped to a precise surface finish.
A hat block, also known as a hat form or bashing block, is a wooden block carved into the shape of a hat by a craftsman known as a block shaper. It is used by hat makers and milliners [1] to produce a hat. Today there are only a handful of block shapers left. In the United Kingdom, hat block making has been listed as an endangered craft by the ...
Cutting speed may be defined as the rate at the workpiece surface, irrespective of the machining operation used. A cutting speed for mild steel of 100 ft/min is the same whether it is the speed of the cutter passing over the workpiece, such as in a turning operation, or the speed of the cutter moving past a workpiece, such as in a milling operation.
Machining is a manufacturing process where a desired shape or part is created using the controlled removal of material, most often metal, from a larger piece of raw material by cutting. Machining is a form of subtractive manufacturing , [ 1 ] which utilizes machine tools , in contrast to additive manufacturing (e.g. 3D printing ), which uses ...
Milliners always have an extensive collection of different hat blocks because there are specific hat sizes and custom shapes for every hat block. In the blocking process of a hat, milliners used push pins and a hammer to hold the adjustable string along the crown's collar and the brim's edge. [10] A floral-making iron is a unique iron used by ...
Technical drawing with references and geometric specifications. A datum reference or just datum (plural: datums [Note 1]) is some geometrically important part of an object—such as a point, line, plane, hole, set of holes, or pair of surfaces—that serves as a reference in defining the geometry of the object and (often) in measuring aspects of the actual geometry to assess how closely they ...