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Unlike overhead line equipment, third-rail systems are not susceptible to strong winds or freezing rain, which can bring down overhead wires and hence disable all trains. Thunderstorms can also disable the power with lightning strikes on systems with overhead wires , disabling trains if there is a power surge or a break in the wires.
The same system was used for Milan's earliest underground line, Milan Metro's line 1, whose more recent lines use an overhead catenary or a third rail. The key advantage of the four-rail system is that neither running rail carries any current.
Dual electrification is a system whereby a railway line is supplied power both via overhead catenary and a third rail. This is done to enable trains that use either system of power to share the same railway line, for example in the case of mainline and suburban trains (as used at Hamburg S-Bahn between 1940 and 1955). [1]
Adjacent sections of overhead and third rail, t-c between Dalston and Highbury & Islington. Still four-rail, t-c on sections shared with London Underground (Gunnersbury-Richmond, Queens Park-Harrow & Wealdstone). Shoreditch to Broad Street section now closed) Northern City Line (t/c) Liverpool: Merseyrail (t/c) Southern England Southern Region
In August 1883 Magnus Volk inaugurated the first of his electric railways at Brighton, using a 50 V DC third rail system, and in September 1883, an electric line was brought into service in Portrush, Ireland, in connection with the Giant's Causeway. It used a third-rail contact system at 290 V DC. In 1899 the contact system was altered to an ...
A third-rail system was used for most of the line except overhead trolley wire was installed between Mickle Street in Camden and Gloucester City as well as a 10-mile (16 km) segment between Newfield and Millville. The Camden-Gloucester City portion was installed due to a decision to use the old Camden Seventh Street line as part of the route.
overhead line or; conductor rail, usually a third rail to one side of the running rails. Conductor rail can be: top contact: oldest, least safe, most affected by ice, snow, rain and leaves. Protection boards are installed on most top contact systems, which increases safety and reduces these affections.
Between 1994 and 2007 the British Rail Class 373 could operate from 750 V DC Third rail, 25 kV AC Overhead line and 3 kV DC also through Overhead lines. The ability to run on third rail was made redundant with the moving of Eurostar services to St Pancras railway station in November 2007.