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[6] 99% of the female athletes at those competitions had testosterone levels below 3.08 nmol/L. [6] However, a study of endocrine profiles in 693 elite female and male athletes published in 2014 found that only 13.7% of the elite female athletes had high levels of testosterone while as many as 16.5% of the elite male athletes had low levels of ...
Hyperandrogenism, especially high levels of testosterone, can cause serious adverse effects if left untreated. High testosterone levels are associated with other health conditions such as obesity, hypertension, amenorrhea (cessation of menstrual cycles), and ovulatory dysfunction, which can lead to infertility.
She also explored potential treatments for eating disorders and obesity by targeting sex hormones and antiandrogens in women. [12] In a 52-week trial, she showed that a 300 μg daily testosterone patch improved postmenopausal women's sexual function but raised concerns about side effects and breast safety. [13]
Conversely, “with too much testosterone, women often have acne, too much hair on the body, hair loss on the head, high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol, skipped cycles, or problems ...
The swim body’s world-leading rules additionally require transgender women athletes who did not benefit from male puberty to maintain testosterone levels below 2.5 nmol/L. World Aquatics is not ...
South Africa’s two-time Olympic champion Caster Semenya told CNN that having to take testosterone-reducing medication in order to compete internationally was “hell” and had a negative impact ...
This graph of "Acceptable Testosterone Levels in Females and Males Compared to a Hypothetical Athlete" shows a situation in which the hypothetical athlete above may be a female with hyperandrogenism, higher than normal levels of testosterone, and would be subjected to sex verification tests and possibly forced to undergo aggressive medical protocols.
The question of whether heightened testosterone confers an advantage for some female athletes remains contentious. Caster Semenya: how much testosterone is too much for a female athlete? Skip to ...