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  2. Color index (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_index_(geology)

    Color index, as a geological term, is a measure of the ratio between generally dark mafic minerals and generally light felsic minerals in an igneous rock. [1] [2] The color index of an igneous rock is the volume percentage of mafic minerals in the rock, excluding minerals generally regarded as "colorless" such as apatite, muscovite, primary ...

  3. List of rock types - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rock_types

    Troctolite – Igneous rock – A plutonic ultramafic rock containing olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase; Trondhjemite – Light-colored intrusive igneous rock – A form of tonalite where plagioclase-group feldspar is oligoclase; Tuff – Rock consolidated from volcanic ash

  4. Gongshi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gongshi

    Gongshi (Chinese: 供石), also known as scholar's rocks or viewing stones, are naturally occurring or shaped rocks which are traditionally appreciated by Chinese scholars. [1] The term is related to the Korean suseok (수석) and the Japanese suiseki (水石). Scholars' rocks can be any color, and contrasting colors are not uncommon.

  5. Mafic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafic

    A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron. Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt, diabase and gabbro. Mafic rocks often also contain calcium-rich varieties of plagioclase ...

  6. Felsite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felsite

    Felsite is a field term for a light-colored rock that typically requires petrographic examination or chemical analysis for more precise definition. Color is generally white through light gray, or red to tan and may include any color except dark gray, green or black (the colors of trap rock ). [ 1 ]

  7. Scoria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoria

    Scoria is a pyroclastic, highly vesicular, dark-colored volcanic rock formed by ejection from a volcano as a molten blob and cooled in the air to form discrete grains called clasts. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is typically dark in color (brown, black or purplish-red), and basaltic or andesitic in composition.

  8. Lapis lazuli - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapis_Lazuli

    Originating from the Persian word for the gem, lāžward, [1] lapis lazuli is a rock composed primarily of the minerals lazurite, pyrite and calcite. As early as the 7th millennium BC , lapis lazuli was mined in the Sar-i Sang mines, [ 2 ] in Shortugai , and in other mines in Badakhshan province in modern northeast Afghanistan . [ 3 ]

  9. Jasper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasper

    Jasper, an aggregate of microgranular quartz and/or cryptocrystalline chalcedony and other mineral phases, [1] [2] is an opaque, [3] impure variety of silica, usually red, yellow, brown or green in color; and rarely blue. The common red color is due to iron(III) inclusions. Jasper breaks with a smooth surface and is used for ornamentation or as ...

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