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These cases result in immediate onset (usually) painless swelling of the face and neck; crepitus (crunching sound) typical of subcutaneous emphysema is often present and the subcutaneous air will be visible on X-ray. [24] One of the main causes of subcutaneous emphysema, along with pneumothorax, is an improperly functioning chest tube. [2]
Seromas can also sometimes be caused by injury, such as when the initial swelling from a blow or fall does not fully subside. The remaining serous fluid causes a seroma that the body usually absorbs gradually over time (often taking many days or weeks), but a knot of calcified tissue sometimes remains.
Characteristic features are edema (swelling due to excess fluid) of the face and arms and development of swollen collateral veins on the front of the chest wall. Shortness of breath and coughing are quite common symptoms; difficulty swallowing is reported in 11% of cases, headache in 6% and stridor (a high-pitched wheeze) in 4%.
AP chest x-rays are harder to read than PA x-rays and are therefore generally reserved for situations where it is difficult for the patient to get an ordinary chest x-ray, such as when the patient is bedridden. In this situation, mobile X-ray equipment is used to obtain a lying down chest x-ray (known as a "supine film").
A chest X-ray showing right sided (seen on the left of the picture) pulmonary contusion associated with rib fractures and subcutaneous emphysema. Chest X-ray is the most common method used for diagnosis, [37] and may be used to confirm a diagnosis already made using clinical signs. [20] Consolidated areas appear white on an X-ray film. [42]
Chest X-ray has been used for many years to diagnose pulmonary edema due to its wide availability and relatively cheap cost. [4] A chest X-ray will show fluid in the alveolar walls, Kerley B lines , increased vascular shadowing in a classical batwing peri- hilum pattern, upper lobe diversion (biased blood flow to the superior parts instead of ...
Caplan syndrome presents with cough and shortness of breath in conjunction with features of rheumatoid arthritis, such as painful joints and morning stiffness. Examination should reveal tender, swollen metacarpophalangeal joints and rheumatoid nodules; auscultation of the chest may reveal diffuse crackles that do not disappear on coughing or taking a deep breath.
Chest x-ray is the initial imaging technique used to diagnose TBI. [17] The film may not have any signs in an otherwise asymptomatic patient. [15] Indications of TBI seen on radiographs include deformity in the trachea or a defect in the tracheal wall. [17] Radiography may also show cervical emphysema, air in the tissues of the neck. [2]