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A block, a contiguous number of bytes, is the minimum unit of storage that is read from and written to a disk by a disk driver.The earliest disk drives had fixed block sizes (e.g. the IBM 350 disk storage unit (of the late 1950s) block size was 100 six-bit characters) but starting with the 1301 [8] IBM marketed subsystems that featured variable block sizes: a particular track could have blocks ...
It also allows the installation of MS-DOS or FreeDOS onto a flash drive as well as the creation of Windows To Go bootable media. [10] It supports formatting flash drives using FAT, FAT32, NTFS, exFAT, UDF and ReFS filesystems. [11] Rufus can also be used to compute the MD5, SHA-1 and SHA-256 hashes of the currently selected image.
A basic data partition can be formatted with any file system, although most commonly BDPs are formatted with the NTFS, exFAT, or FAT32 file systems. To programmatically determine which file system a BDP contains, Microsoft specifies that one should inspect the BIOS Parameter Block that is contained in the BDP's Volume Boot Record .
exFAT is a file system introduced with Windows Embedded CE 6.0 in November 2006 and brought to the Windows NT family with Vista Service Pack 1 and Windows XP Service Pack 3 (or separate installation of Windows XP Update KB955704). It is loosely based on the File Allocation Table architecture, but incompatible, proprietary and protected by patents.
Formatting tools or non-DR SYS-type tools may clear these bits, but other disk tools should leave bits 15-8 unchanged. 0x02A 0x1F 2 Version (defined as 0.0). The high byte of the version number is stored at offset 0x02B, and the low byte at offset 0x02A. [4] FAT32 implementations should refuse to mount volumes with version numbers unknown by them.
Like NTFS, exFAT can pre-allocate disk space for a file by just marking arbitrary space on disk as "allocated". For each file, exFAT uses two separate 64-bit fields in the directory: the valid data length (VDL), which indicates the real size of the file, and the physical data length.
Windows NT 3.5: NTFS 1.1 1995: Windows 95: FAT16B with VFAT: 1996: Windows NT 4.0: NTFS 1.2 1998: Mac OS 8.1 / macOS: HFS Plus (HFS+) 1998: Windows 98: FAT32 with VFAT: 2000 SUSE Linux Enterprise 6.4 ReiserFS [1] [2] 2000: Windows Me: FAT32 with VFAT: 2000: Windows 2000: NTFS 3.0 2000: Ututo GNU/Linux: ext4: 2000: Knoppix: ext3: 2000: Red Hat ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 2 December 2024. Restoring the software of an electronic device to its original state For the Tilian Pearson album, see Factory Reset (album). A factory reset, also known as hard reset or master reset, is a software restore of an electronic device to its original system state by erasing all data ...