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The Bolt Protocol (Bolt) is a connection oriented network protocol used for client-server communication in database applications. It operates over a TCP connection or WebSocket . Bolt is statement-oriented, allowing a client to send messages containing a statement consisting of a single string and a set of typed parameters.
[115] [116] This resulted in a networking model that became known as the DoD internet architecture model (DoD model for short) or DARPA model. [86] [117] [118] Leonard Kleinrock's theoretical work published in the mid-1970s on the performance of the ARPANET was referred to during the development of the protocol. [119] [120] [121]
However, the IMPs did nonetheless communicate amongst themselves to perform link-state routing, to do reliable forwarding of messages, and to provide remote monitoring and management functions to ARPANET's Network Control Center. Initially, each IMP had a 6-bit identifier and supported up to 4 hosts, which were identified with a 2-bit index.
S88 provides a consistent set of standards and terminology for batch control and defines the physical model, procedures, and recipes. The standard sought to address the following problems: lack of a universal model for batch control, difficulty in communicating user requirement, integration among batch automation suppliers, and difficulty in ...
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The physical coding sublayer (PCS) is a networking protocol sublayer in the Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet standards. It resides at the top of the physical layer (PHY), and provides an interface between the physical medium attachment (PMA) sublayer and the media-independent interface (MII).
The TCP/IP model and its relation to common protocols used at different layers of the model Message flows between two devices (A-B) at the four layers of the TCP/IP model in the presence of a router (R). Red flows are effective communication paths, black paths are across the actual network links.
This animation illustrates a network model in which consecutive packets between hosts take differing routes. Out-of-order delivery is, however, detrimental to the performance of several network protocols, including TCP, so the Internet attempts to route packets associated with the same data stream along the same path most of the time.