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The site is called Abri de Cro-Magnon (Cro-Magnon rock shelter), now recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. [37] Abri means "rock shelter" in French, [citation needed] cro means "hole" in Occitan, [38] and Magnon was the landowner. [39] The original human remains were brought to and preserved at the National Museum of Natural History in ...
They were the first early modern humans (Homo sapiens) to settle in Europe, migrating from Western Asia, continuously occupying the continent possibly from as early as 56,800 years ago. They interacted and interbred with the indigenous Neanderthals ( H. neanderthalensis ) of Europe and Western Asia, who went extinct 40,000 to 35,000 years ago.
Hominid dispersals in Europe refers to the colonisation of the European continent by various species of hominid, including hominins and archaic and modern humans.. Short and repetitive migrations of archaic humans before 1 million years ago suggest that their residence in Europe was not permanent at the time. [1]
Cro-Magnon 1 (Musée de l'Homme, Paris) Two views of Cro-Magnon 2 (1875) [7]In 1868, workmen found animal bones, flint tools, and human skulls in the rock shelter. French geologist Louis Lartet was called for excavations, and found the partial skeletons of four prehistoric adults and one infant, along with perforated shells used as ornaments, an object made from ivory, and worked reindeer antler.
The earliest indication of Upper Palaeolithic early modern human (formerly referred to as Cro-Magnon) migration into France, and indeed in the whole of Europe, is a series of modern human teeth with Neronian industry stone tools found at Grotte Mandrin Cave, Malataverne in France, dated in 2022 to between 56,800 and 51,700 years ago.
All these finds were found to group with Cro-Magnons rather than with Neanderthals, and the old term "Cro-Magnon" in some 1970s literature was extended to include what would today be called anatomically modern humans in general. [14] In this understanding of the term "Cro-Magnon", the short and stocky Chancelade man did not stand out.
Ripari Villabruna is a small rock shelter in northern Italy with mesolithic burial remains. It contains several Cro-Magnon burials, with bodies and grave goods dated to 14,000 years BP.
The Grimaldi people were small. While an adult Cro-Magnon generally stood over 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) tall (large males could reach 190 cm or 6 ft 3 in), neither of the two skeletons stood over 160 cm (5 ft 3 in). The boy was smallest at a mere 155 cm (5 ft 1 in). [7]