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A torus, one of the most frequently studied objects in algebraic topology. Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.
A topological algebra over a topological field is a topological vector space together with a bilinear multiplication ⋅ : A × A → A {\displaystyle \cdot :A\times A\to A} , ( a , b ) ↦ a ⋅ b {\displaystyle (a,b)\mapsto a\cdot b}
This terminology is often used in the case of the algebraic topology on the set of discrete, faithful representations of a Kleinian group into PSL(2,C). Another topology, the geometric topology (also called the Chabauty topology ), can be put on the set of images of the representations, and its closure can include extra Kleinian groups that are ...
That link between topology and groups lets mathematicians apply insights from group theory to topology. For example, if two topological objects have different homotopy groups, they cannot have the same topological structure—a fact that may be difficult to prove using only topological means.
Let be a Grothendieck topology and a scheme.Moreover let be a group scheme over , a -torsor (or principal -bundle) over for the topology (or simply a -torsor when the topology is clear from the context) is the data of a scheme and a morphism : with a -invariant (right) action on that is locally trivial in i.e. there exists a covering {} such that the base change over is isomorphic to the ...
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics in which tools from abstract algebra are used to study topological spaces The main article for this category is Algebraic topology . Contents
Ronald Brown "Topology and Groupoids" pdf available Gives an account of some categorical methods in topology, use the fundamental groupoid on a set of base points to give a generalisation of the Seifert-van Kampen Theorem. Philip J. Higgins, "Categories and Groupoids" free download Explains some uses of groupoids in group theory and topology.
Steenrod algebra; Bott periodicity theorem; K-theory. Topological K-theory; Adams operation; Algebraic K-theory; Whitehead torsion; Twisted K-theory; Cobordism; Thom space; Suspension functor; Stable homotopy theory; Spectrum (homotopy theory) Morava K-theory; Hodge conjecture; Weil conjectures; Directed algebraic topology