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Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, and as "Bloody Mary" by her Protestant opponents, was Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 and Queen of Spain as the wife of King Philip II from January 1556 until her death in 1558.
Bloody Mary: The Life of Mary Tudor (1978) Civilization and society in the West (1978) Josephine: A Life of the Empress (1980) Great Harry: The Extravagant Life of Henry Viii (1980) Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (1980) (Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2007) The First Elizabeth (1983) Mistress Anne (1984)
I Am Mary Tudor (1971), Mary the Queen (1973), and Bloody Mary (1974) by Hilda Lewis. A trilogy focusing on Mary's life from the cradle to the grave. The books include a "psychological exploration of Mary's character", a sympathetic character who grows "increasingly paranoid and deluded" in her later years. Queen's Lady (1981) by Patricia Parkes.
Her first book, Mary Tudor: The First Queen was published in 2007. It was a biography of Queen Mary I of England presented a view of Mary as a decisive and clear-headed ruler, and a skilled political and diplomatic operator. [2] In 2010, her second book Katherine the Queen: The Remarkable Life of Katherine Parr was published. [3]
Protestants were executed in England under heresy laws during the reigns of Henry VIII (1509–1547) and Mary I (1553–1558), and in smaller numbers during the reigns of Edward VI (1547–1553), Elizabeth I (1558–1603), and James I (1603–1625). Most were executed in the short reign of Mary I in what is called the Marian persecutions.
Gardiner was born in Bury St Edmunds, but the date of his birth is uncertain.His father could have been a John Gardiner, but also could have been Wyllyam Gardiner, a substantial cloth merchant of the town where he was born, [2] who took care to give him a good education.
Mary replied, "So am not I". [4] [5] On 28 October, Mary added a codicil to her will, witnessed by her physician Thomas Wendy and others, which indicated that Elizabeth I would be her successor. [6] [7] The sickbed was attended by an old servant, the chamberer Edith Brediman. [8] The nature of Mary's final illness is uncertain. [9]
Charles Dickens stated that "as bloody Queen Mary this woman has become famous, and as Bloody Queen Mary she will ever be remembered with horror and detestation". [ 29 ] Mary's dream of a new, Catholic Habsburg line was finished, and her popularity further declined when she lost Calais — the last English territory on French soil — to ...