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The four pigments in a bird's cone cells (in this example, estrildid finches) extend the range of color vision into the ultraviolet. [1]Tetrachromacy (from Greek tetra, meaning "four" and chroma, meaning "color") is the condition of possessing four independent channels for conveying color information, or possessing four types of cone cell in the eye.
There are about six to seven million cones in a human eye (vs ~92 million rods), with the highest concentration being towards the macula. [1] Cones are less sensitive to light than the rod cells in the retina (which support vision at low light levels), but allow the perception of color.
There are currently three known types of photoreceptor cells in mammalian eyes: rods, cones, and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. The two classic photoreceptor cells are rods and cones, each contributing information used by the visual system to form an image of the environment, sight.
The human eye's red-to-green and blue-to-yellow values of each one-wavelength visible color [citation needed] Human color sensation is defined by the sensitivity curves (shown here normalized) of the three kinds of cone cells: respectively the short-, medium- and long-wavelength types.
It is the cone cells, which are used for photopic vision, that facilitate color vision. Each type - or class - of cones is defined by its opsin, a protein fundamental to the visual cycle that tunes the cell to certain wavelengths of light. The opsins present in cone cells are specifically called photopsin.
Their peak sensitivities lie in the blue (short-wavelength S cones), green (medium-wavelength M cones) and yellow-green (long-wavelength L cones) regions of the color spectrum. [11] S cones make up 5–10% of the cones and form a regular mosaic. Special bipolar and ganglion cells pass those signals from S cones and there is evidence that they ...
The mantis shrimp has 16 color-receptive cones in their eyes. Humans have only three. The spectrum of colors we see comes from three base colors: green, blue and red.
The RGB color model, therefore, is a convenient means for representing color but is not directly based on the types of cones in the human eye. The peak response of human cone cells varies, even among individuals with so-called normal color vision; [8] in some non-human species this polymorphic variation is even greater, and it may well be adaptive.