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Cell damage (also known as cell injury) is a variety of changes of stress that a cell suffers due to external as well as internal environmental changes. Amongst other causes, this can be due to physical, chemical, infectious, biological, nutritional or immunological factors. Cell damage can be reversible or irreversible.
Anaphase lag is a consequence of an event during cell division where sister chromatids do not properly separate from each other because of improper spindle formation. [1] The chromosome or chromatid does not properly migrate during anaphase and the daughter cells will lose some genetic information. It is one of many causes of aneuploidy.
A shin splint, also known as medial tibial stress syndrome, is pain along the inside edge of the shinbone due to inflammation of tissue in the area. [1] Generally this is between the middle of the lower leg and the ankle. [2] The pain may be dull or sharp, and is generally brought on by high-impact exercise that overloads the tibia. [1]
This disruption, in turn, may prompt the improper destruction or removal of a cell with damaged elements as well as other related issues. These issues include cell accumulation and uncontrolled cell growth, which results in the formation of cancerous and abnormal tissue masses known as tumors. Therefore, being able to observe or identify when a ...
In particular, the pivotal biochemical pathways (i.e. apoptosis and oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment and dysfunctional mitophagy, unfolded protein stress and improper removal of misfolded proteins) have been widely explored in cell lines, challenged with toxic insults or genetically modified. The central role of a-synuclein has ...
The formation of bubbles in the skin or joints results in milder symptoms, while large numbers of bubbles in the venous blood can cause lung damage. [56] The most severe types of DCS interrupt – and ultimately damage – spinal cord function, leading to paralysis , sensory dysfunction, or death.
This delay between cell-cell contact and onset of proliferation inhibition is shortened as the culture becomes more confluent. Thus, it may be reasonably concluded that cell-cell contact is an essential condition for contact inhibition of proliferation, but is by itself insufficient for mitotic inhibition.
Ischemic cell death, or oncosis, is a form of accidental cell death.The process is characterized by an ATP depletion within the cell leading to impairment of ionic pumps, cell swelling, clearing of the cytosol, dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus, mitochondrial condensation, chromatin clumping, and cytoplasmic bleb formation. [1]