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The standards are technology-based, i.e. they are based on the performance of treatment and control technologies (e.g., Best Available Technology). Effluent Guidelines are not based on risk or impacts of pollutants upon receiving waters. [2] Since the mid-1970s, EPA has promulgated ELGs for 59 industrial categories, with over 450 subcategories.
An effluent limitation is a United States Clean Water Act standard of performance reflecting a specified level of discharge reduction achievable by the best available technology or related standards for various sources of water pollution.
EPA has published technology-based regulations, called "effluent guidelines", for 59 industrial categories. [11] The agency reviews the standards annually, conducts research on various categories, and makes revisions as appropriate. [16] Noncompliance with these standards and all other conditions in the permits is punishable by law. [18]
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) are pollution control standards issued by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The term is used in the Clean Air Act Extension of 1970 (CAA) to refer to air pollution emission standards, and in the Clean Water Act (CWA) referring to standards for water pollution discharges of industrial wastewater to surface waters.
The EPA regulations require each facility to apply for a specific permit for its wastewater discharges, and consequently require that each facility treat its wastewater. [101] In addition to effluent limitations , the permits include monitoring and reporting requirements, which are used by EPA and states to enforce the limitations. [ 17 ]
Runoff of soil and fertilizer on a farm field during a rain storm. Nonpoint source (NPS) water pollution regulations are environmental regulations that restrict or limit water pollution from diffuse or nonpoint effluent sources such as polluted runoff from agricultural areas in a river catchments or wind-borne debris blowing out to sea.
National technology-based standards apply to many industries (these standards are called "effluent guidelines"), [1]: 5-14–5-22 and to municipal sewage treatment plants. [3] Some dischargers are subject to water quality-based effluent limitations, derived from water quality standards for the adjacent water body.
EPA promotes "compliance assistance" as an enforcement technique, and has developed sector-specific assistance centers for various industries. [26] EPA and authorized state agencies perform periodic inspections of some discharging facilities. The states are responsible for enforcing the permit requirements that they have issued.