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EPA is also required to review and revise regulations as needed, and since 1972 it has promulgated ELGs for 59 industrial categories, with over 450 subcategories. Approximately 40,000 facilities that discharge directly to the nation's waters, 129,000 facilities that discharge to POTWs, and construction sites, are covered by the regulations.
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) are pollution control standards issued by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The term is used in the Clean Air Act Extension of 1970 (CAA) to refer to air pollution emission standards, and in the Clean Water Act (CWA) referring to standards for water pollution discharges of industrial wastewater to surface waters.
An effluent limitation is a United States Clean Water Act standard of performance reflecting a specified level of discharge reduction achievable by the best available technology or related standards for various sources of water pollution.
Indirect dischargers are covered by the National Pretreatment Program, which enforces three types of discharge standards: prohibited discharge standards – protects against pollutants passing through the POTW untreated, and preventing interference with POTW treatment processes; categorical standards – national, technology-based standards for ...
The EPA regulations require each facility to apply for a specific permit for its wastewater discharges, and consequently require that each facility treat its wastewater. [101] In addition to effluent limitations , the permits include monitoring and reporting requirements, which are used by EPA and states to enforce the limitations. [ 17 ]
EPA has published technology-based regulations, called "effluent guidelines", for 59 industrial categories. [11] The agency reviews the standards annually, conducts research on various categories, and makes revisions as appropriate. [16] Noncompliance with these standards and all other conditions in the permits is punishable by law. [18]
Based on results from a national wastewater dilution model, the authors calculated that PFAS discharges in wastewater may be permeating the drinking water supplies of as many as 23 million Americans.
The 1972 CWA created a new requirement for technology-based standards for point source discharges. EPA develops those standards for categories of dischargers, based on the performance of pollution control technologies without regard to the conditions of a particular receiving water body.