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Although little mythology survives concerning the goddess Maat, she was the daughter of the Egyptian Sun god Ra; and the wife of Thoth, the god of wisdom who invented writing, which directly connects Maat to ancient Egyptian rhetoric. [42] Maat (which is associated with solar, lunar, astral, and the river Nile's movements) is a concept based on ...
Chapter 125 [3] of the Book of the Dead lists names and provenances (either geographical or atmospheric) of the Assessors of Maat. A declaration of innocence corresponds to each deity: it is pronounced by the dead himself, to avoid being damned for specific "sins" that each of the 42 Judges is in charge of punishing.
There, the dead person swore that he had not committed any sin from a list of 42 sins, [45] reciting a text known as the "Negative Confession". Then the dead person's heart was weighed on a pair of scales, against the goddess Maat, who embodied truth and justice. Maat was often represented by an ostrich feather, the hieroglyphic sign for her ...
In Ancient Egyptian religious tradition, it was believed that citizens would recite the 42 negative confessions of Maat as their heart was weighed against the feather of truth. If the citizen's heart was heavier than the feather, it was said that it would be devoured by Ammit .
If the deceased's heart balanced with the feather of Maat, Thoth would record the result and they would be presented to Osiris, who admitted them into the Sekhet-Aaru. However, if their heart was heavier than the feather, it was to be devoured by the Goddess Ammit , permanently destroying the soul of the deceased, ceasing to exist.
The Egyptian Book of the Dead: The Book of Going Forth by Day, The First Authentic Presentation of the Complete "Papyrus of Ani", Introduction and commentary by Dr. Ogden Goelet, Translation by Dr. Raymond O. Faulkner, Preface by Carol Andrews, Featuring Integrated Text and Full Color Images, (Chronicle Books, San Francisco) c1994, Rev. ed. c1998.
I have found several sources, including from Yosef A.A. ben-Jochannan, that states that their are 147 Negative Confessions. I think this needs to be clairifed. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 72.152.26.141 14:20, 27 March 2007 (UTC). Comments number 20 and 21 are identical in the list; this needs tp be double-checked.
Margaret E. Ingalls (née Cook; September 16, 1939 – January 9, 2018), [1] [2] known by her pen name Nema Andahadna or simply Nema, was an American occultist, ceremonial magician, and writer known for her magical writings about the Ma'atian current, best known for her work Liber Pennae Praenumbra and as co-founder of the Horus-Maat Lodge.