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In anatomy, the epigastrium (or epigastric region) is the upper central region of the abdomen. It is located between the costal margins and the subcostal plane . Pain may be referred to the epigastrium from damage to structures derived from the foregut .
The human abdomen is divided into quadrants and regions by anatomists and physicians for the purposes of study, diagnosis, and treatment. [1] [2] The division into four quadrants allows the localisation of pain and tenderness, scars, lumps, and other items of interest, narrowing in on which organs and tissues may be involved.
The upper lateral limit of the abdomen is the subcostal margin (at or near the subcostal plane) formed by the cartilages of the false ribs (8, 9, 10) joining one another. The lower lateral limit is the anterior crest of the ilium and Poupart's ligament , which runs from the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the spine of the pubis .
The subcostal plane is a transverse plane which bisects the body at the level of the 10th costal margin and the vertebra body L3. [1] References
In human anatomy, the superior epigastric artery is a terminal [1] branch of the internal thoracic artery that provides arterial supply to the abdominal wall, and upper rectus abdominis muscle.
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The superior horizontal line is the subcostal line, drawn immediately inferior to the ribs. [1] The inferior horizontal line is called the intertubercular line, and is to cross the iliac tubercles, found at the superior aspect of the pelvis. The upper right square is the right hypochondriac region and contains the base of the right ribs.
An abdominal examination is a portion of the physical examination which a physician or nurse uses to clinically observe the abdomen of a patient for signs of disease. The abdominal examination is conventionally split into four different stages: first, inspection of the patient and the visible characteristics of their abdomen.