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  2. Loanword - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loanword

    Loans of multi-word phrases, such as the English use of the French term déjà vu, are known as adoptions, adaptations, or lexical borrowings. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Although colloquial and informal register loanwords are typically spread by word-of-mouth, technical or academic loanwords tend to be first used in written language, often for scholarly ...

  3. Borrowing (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrowing_(linguistics)

    In linguistics, borrowing is a type of language change in which a language or dialect undergoes change as a result of contact with another language or dialect. In typical cases of borrowing, speakers of one language (the "recipient" language) adopt into their own speech a novel linguistic feature that they were exposed to due to its presence in a different language (the "source" or "donor ...

  4. List of calques - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_calques

    But not all of the coinages caught on and became permanent additions to the lexicon; for example, любомудрие (ljubomudrie) was promoted by 19th-century Russian intellectuals as a calque of "philosophy", but the word eventually fell out of fashion, and modern Russian instead uses the loanword философия (filosofija).

  5. Calque - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calque

    In linguistics, a calque (/ k æ l k /) or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal word-for-word or root-for-root translation.When used as a verb, “to calque” means to borrow a word or phrase from another language while translating its components, so as to create a new word or phrase in the target language.

  6. Lexicalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicalization

    Lexicalization may be simple, for example borrowing a word from another language, or more involved, as in calque or loan translation, wherein a foreign phrase is translated literally, as in marché aux puces, or in English, flea market. Other mechanisms include compounding, abbreviation, and blending. [2]

  7. Doublet (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doublet_(linguistics)

    esame, Latin borrowing meaning exam, and sciame, native stock word meaning swarm, both come from Latin examen; prezzo (price) and pregio (quality) come from praetium; causa (cause) and cosa (thing) both come from Latin causa. Italian causa is a learnt borrowing from Latin, while the Italian word cosa is inherited from vulgar Latin. sport and ...

  8. Reborrowing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reborrowing

    In some cases the borrowing process can be more complicated and the words might move through different languages before coming back to the originating language. The single move from one language to the other is called "loan" (see loanword). Reborrowing is the result of more than one loan, when the final recipient language is the same as the ...

  9. Pseudo-anglicism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-anglicism

    Pseudo-anglicisms are a kind of lexical borrowing where the source or donor language is English, but where the borrowing is reworked in the receptor or recipient language. [11] [12] The precise definition varies. Duckworth defines pseudo-anglicisms in German as "neologisms derived from English language material."

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