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Microtia is a congenital deformity where the auricle (external ear) is underdeveloped. A completely undeveloped auricle is referred to as anotia. Because microtia and anotia have the same origin, it can be referred to as microtia-anotia. [1] Microtia can be unilateral (one side only) or bilateral (affecting both sides).
Vaginal atresia is a condition in which the vagina is abnormally closed or absent. The main causes can either be complete vaginal hypoplasia , or a vaginal obstruction, often caused by an imperforate hymen or, less commonly, a transverse vaginal septum .
Vaginal anomalies are abnormal structures that are formed (or not formed) during the prenatal development of the female reproductive system and are rare congenital defects that result in an abnormal or absent vagina. [1] When present, they are often found with uterine, skeletal and urinary abnormalities.
Vaginal atresia is a birth defect that causes uterovaginal outflow tract obstruction. It happens when the urogenital sinus fails to form the caudal portion of the vagina. Fibrous tissue replaces the caudal portion of the vagina. Vaginal atresia is thought to affect one in every 5000-10,000 live female births.
Cervical agenesis is a congenital disorder of the female genital system that manifests itself in the absence of a cervix, the connecting structure between the uterus and vagina. Milder forms of the condition, in which the cervix is present but deformed and nonfunctional, are known as cervical atresia or cervical dysgenesis .
Follicular atresia refers to the process in which a follicle fails to develop, thus preventing it from ovulating and releasing an egg. [1] It is a normal, naturally occurring progression that occurs as mammalian ovaries age.
The several components or degrees of development range from an ear tag, preauricular appendage, preauricular tag, or accessory tragus, to supernumerary ears or polyotia. [7] It is a relatively common congenital anomaly of the first branchial arch or second branchial arches.
The treatment of branchio-oto-renal syndrome is done per each affected area (or organ). For example, a person with hearing problems should have appropriate supports and prompt attention for any inflammation of the ear. [6] [15] A specialist should observe any kidney problems.