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A parachute is a device used to slow the motion of an object through an atmosphere by creating drag or aerodynamic lift. A major application is to support people, for recreation or as a safety device for aviators, who can exit from an aircraft at height and descend safely to earth. A parachute is usually made of a light, strong fabric.
The aircraft has a maximum gross weight of 385 kg (849 lb). It features a 550 sq ft (51 m 2) parachute-style wing, two-seats-in-tandem accommodation, tricycle landing gear and a single 65 hp (48 kW) Hirth 2706 engine in pusher configuration. The 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582 engine was also offered. [1] [4]
At Mach 0.85 and 0.7 lift coefficient, a wing loading of 50 lb/sq ft (240 kg/m 2) can reach a structural limit of 7.33g up to 15,000 feet (4,600 m) and then decreases to 2.3g at 40,000 feet (12,000 m). With a wing loading of 100 lb/sq ft (490 kg/m 2) the load factor is twice smaller and barely reaches 1g at 40,000 ft (12,000 m). [15]
With an initial estimate of the pressure distribution on the wing, the structural designers can start designing the load-bearing parts of the wings, fin and tailplane and other lifting surfaces. Additionally, while the VLM cannot compute the viscous drag, the induced drag stemming from the production of lift can be estimated.
The horseshoe vortex model is a simplified representation of the vortex system present in the flow of air around a wing. This vortex system is modelled by the bound vortex (bound to the wing) and two trailing vortices, therefore having a shape vaguely reminiscent of a horseshoe.
Most importantly, the maximum lift-to-drag ratio is independent of the weight of the aircraft, the area of the wing, or the wing loading. It can be shown that two main drivers of maximum lift-to-drag ratio for a fixed wing aircraft are wingspan and total wetted area. One method for estimating the zero-lift drag coefficient of an aircraft is the ...
Whippletrees are used especially when pulling a dragged load such as a plough, harrow, log or canal boat or for pulling a vehicle (by the leaders in a team with more than one row of animals). A swingletree , or singletree , is a special kind of whippletree used for a horse-drawn vehicle .
The steerable parachute or parafoil is called a "decelerator," and gives the JPADS system directional control throughout its descent by means of decelerator steering lines attached to the Autonomous Guidance Unit (AGU). They create drag on either side of the decelerator, which turns the parachute, thus achieving directional control.