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Ototoxicity is the property of being toxic to the ear (oto-), specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system, for example, as a side effect of a drug. The effects of ototoxicity can be reversible and temporary, or irreversible and permanent. It has been recognized since the 19th century. [1]
A blockage of the external auditory canal is also a common cause of inner ear barotrauma. Caloric vertigo: A normal response to a temperature difference reaching the semicircular canals, by way of ambient water flooding the external auditory canals unevenly. Also usually transient, but has rarely been known to persist for no obvious reason.
Various ototoxic effects are manifested by using antimalarial drugs, with dizziness being one of the most common one. Other effects include vestibular symptoms, hearing loss and tinnitus, which can appear to be both temporary or permanent. [25] Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms of antimalarial-induced ototoxicity are still poorly understood.
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Warm the medication if necessary by rolling the medication bottle between the palms. Lay the head on the towel with infected ear facing up. To straighten the ear canal, gently pull the upper ear back and up. Gently shake the medication if instructed. Administer the medication into infected ear.
Type A: augmented pharmacological effects, which are dose-dependent and predictable [5]; Type A reactions, which constitute approximately 80% of adverse drug reactions, are usually a consequence of the drug's primary pharmacological effect (e.g., bleeding when using the anticoagulant warfarin) or a low therapeutic index of the drug (e.g., nausea from digoxin), and they are therefore predictable.
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is a specific form of hearing loss defined by the presence of normal or near-normal otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) but the absence of normal middle ear reflexes and severely abnormal or completely absent auditory brainstem response (ABRs).
Auditory processing disorder (APD), rarely known as King-Kopetzky syndrome, is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting the way the brain processes sounds. [2] Individuals with APD usually have normal structure and function of the ear, but cannot process the information they hear in the same way as others do, which leads to difficulties in recognizing and interpreting sounds, especially the ...