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Reperfusion injury, sometimes called ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) or reoxygenation injury, is the tissue damage caused when blood supply returns to tissue (re-+ perfusion) after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen (anoxia or hypoxia).
Closed head injury (coup contrecoup) can damage more than the impact sites on the brain, as axon bundles may be torn or twisted, blood vessels may rupture, and elevated intracranial pressure can distort the walls of the ventricles. [7] [10] [11] Diffuse axonal injury is a key pathology in concussive brain injury. [5] The visual system may be ...
Abdominal CT showing left renal artery injury. Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) represents 75% of all blunt trauma and is the most common example of this injury. [3] Seventy-five percent of BAT occurs in motor vehicle crashes, [4] in which rapid deceleration may propel the driver into the steering wheel, dashboard, or seatbelt, [5] causing contusions in less serious cases, or rupture of internal ...
Injury mechanisms such as falls, assaults, sports injuries, and vehicle crashes are common causes of facial trauma in children [6] [4] as well as adults. [7] Blunt assaults, blows from fists or objects, are a common cause of facial injury. [8] [1] Facial trauma can also result from wartime injuries such as gunshots and blasts.
Diffuse injury has more microscopic injury than macroscopic injury and is difficult to detect with CT and MRI, but its presence can be inferred when small bleeds are visible in the corpus callosum or the cerebral cortex. [34] MRI is more useful than CT for detecting characteristics of diffuse axonal injury in the subacute and chronic time ...
Secondary brain injury occurs gradually and may involve an array of cellular processes. [1] [2] Secondary injury, which is not caused by mechanical damage, can result from the primary injury or be independent of it. [3] The fact that people sometimes deteriorate after brain injury was originally taken to mean that secondary injury was occurring ...
Whiplash, whose formal term is whiplash associated disorders (WAD), is a range of injuries to the neck caused by or related to a sudden distortion of the neck [1] associated with extension, [2] although the exact injury mechanisms remain unknown. The term "whiplash" is a colloquialism. "Cervical acceleration–deceleration" (CAD) describes the ...
The injury depends on the density of the current, tissue resistance and duration of contact. [4] Very small currents may be imperceptible or only produce a light tingling sensation. However, a shock caused by low and otherwise harmless current could startle an individual and cause injury due to jerking away or falling.