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Neonatal sepsis is a type of neonatal infection and specifically refers to the presence in a newborn baby of a bacterial blood stream infection (BSI) (such as meningitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, or gastroenteritis) in the setting of fever. Older textbooks may refer to neonatal sepsis as "sepsis neonatorum".
Disease is defined by multi-organ involvement, including liver, lungs CNS, heart, kidney, GI tract, and skin. Neonates with disseminated HSV infection present with nonspecific symptoms of neonatal sepsis. All infants with signs of neonatal sepsis should undergo testing for HSV and empiric antiviral therapy. [17]
Neonatal sepsis can be difficult to diagnose as newborns may be asymptomatic. [92] If a newborn shows signs and symptoms suggestive of sepsis, antibiotics are immediately started and are either changed to target a specific organism identified by diagnostic testing or discontinued after an infectious cause for the symptoms has been ruled out. [93]
Symptoms seen with neonatal meningitis are often unspecific and may point to several conditions, such as sepsis (whole body inflammation). These can include fever, irritability, and shortness of breath. The only method to determine if meningitis is the cause of these symptoms is lumbar puncture (an examination of the cerebrospinal fluid). [1] [4]
Diagnosis [ edit ] To help with diagnosis, the clinician can watch out for predisposing factors, such as: birth asphyxia, meconium aspiration , use of NSAIDs (non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) by the mother, and early onset sepsis or pneumonia. [ 8 ]
According to the earlier definitions of sepsis updated in 2001, [6] sepsis is a constellation of symptoms secondary to an infection that manifests as disruptions in heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, and white blood cell count. If sepsis worsens to the point of end-organ dysfunction (kidney failure, liver dysfunction, altered mental ...
It is a diagnosis of exclusion as it is a benign condition that can have symptoms and signs similar to more serious syndromes, such as respiratory distress or meconium aspiration. [2] In distinction to transient tachypnea, respiratory distress syndrome is more common in premature infants.
Kangaroo mother care (KMC) can decrease the risk of neonatal sepsis, hypothermia, hypoglycemia and increase exclusive breastfeeding. [142] Bili lights may also be used to treat newborn jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia). Water can be carefully provided to prevent dehydration but not so much to increase risks of side effects. [143]
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