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A prime meridian is an arbitrarily chosen meridian (a line of longitude) in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0°. Together, a prime meridian and its anti-meridian (the 180th meridian in a 360°-system) form a great circle.
By construction, all points on the same meridian lie on the same generator [a] of the cylinder at a constant value of x, but the distance y along the generator (measured from the equator) is an arbitrary [b] function of latitude, y(φ). In general this function does not describe the geometrical projection (as of light rays onto a screen) from ...
The final meridian was established as an imaginary line from the North Pole to the South Pole passing through the Airy transit circle. This became the United Kingdom's meridian in 1851. [6] [better source needed] For all practical purposes of the period, the changes as the meridian was moved went unnoticed.
Longitude is given as an angular measurement with 0° at the Prime Meridian, ranging from −180° westward to +180° eastward. The Greek letter λ (lambda) [38] [39] is used to denote the location of a place on Earth east or west of the Prime Meridian. Each degree of longitude is sub-divided into 60 minutes, each of which is divided into 60 ...
The figure on the left shows how a transverse cylinder is related to the conventional graticule on the sphere. It is tangential to some arbitrarily chosen meridian and its axis is perpendicular to that of the sphere. The x- and y-axes defined on the figure are related to the equator and central meridian exactly as they are for the normal ...
Meridian arc, the distance between two points with the same longitude; Prime meridian, origin of longitudes; Principal meridian, arbitrary meridians used as references in land surveying; Meridian line, used with a gnomon to measure solar elevation and time of year; Autonomous sensory meridian response, a static-like or tingling sensation on the ...
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In the following series is the difference of the longitude of an arbitrary point and the longitude of the chosen central meridian: is in radians and is positive east of the central meridian. The W coefficients are functions of ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } listed below .