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Manganese(II) chloride is the dichloride salt of manganese, MnCl 2.This inorganic chemical exists in the anhydrous form, as well as the dihydrate (MnCl 2 ·2H 2 O) and tetrahydrate (MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O), with the tetrahydrate being the most common form.
Chlorine can be manufactured by the electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution (), which is known as the Chloralkali process.The production of chlorine results in the co-products caustic soda (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H 2).
The reaction is usually initiated by copper(II) chloride (CuCl 2), which is the most common catalyst in the production of 1,2-dichloroethane.In some cases, CuCl 2 is supported on silica in presence of KCl, LaCl 3, or AlCl 3 as cocatalysts.
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Water oxidation is one of the half reactions of water splitting: . 2H 2 O → O 2 + 4H + + 4e − Oxidation (generation of dioxygen) . 4H + + 4e − → 2H 2 Reduction (generation of dihydrogen)
Manganese dioxide is the inorganic compound with the formula MnO 2.This blackish or brown solid occurs naturally as the mineral pyrolusite, which is the main ore of manganese and a component of manganese nodules.
The Winkler test is used to determine the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water samples. Dissolved oxygen (D.O.) is widely used in water quality studies and routine operation of water reclamation facilities to analyze its level of oxygen saturation.
The compound hydrogen chloride has the chemical formula HCl and as such is a hydrogen halide.At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric water vapor.