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Sand casting, also known as sand molded casting, is a metal casting process characterized by using sand—known as casting sand—as the mold material. The term "sand casting" can also refer to an object produced via the sand casting process. Sand castings are produced in specialized factories called foundries. In 2003, over 60% of all metal ...
Permeability is a property of foundry sand with respect to how well the sand can vent, i.e. how well gases pass through the sand. And in other words, permeability is the property by which we can know the ability of material to transmit fluid/gases. The permeability is commonly tested to see if it is correct for the casting conditions. [1]
Sand casting is one of the earliest forms of casting practiced due to the simplicity of materials involved. It still remains one of the cheapest ways to cast metal because of that same simplicity. Other methods of casting, such as those using shell molds , boast higher quality of surface finish but have a higher cost.
The casting is usually a fine-grained casting with an especially fine-grained outer diameter, due to the rapid cooling at the surface of the mold. Lighter impurities and inclusions move towards the inside diameter and can be machined away following the casting. Casting machines may be either horizontal or vertical-axis. [1]
For the production of gray iron, ductile iron and steel castings, sand casting remains the most widely used process. For aluminum castings, sand casting represents about 12% of the total tonnage by weight (surpassed only by die casting at 57%, and semi-permanent and permanent mold at 19%; based on 2006 shipments). The exact process and pattern ...
In the simplest sand casting procedure, the drag is placed upside down on a board, around a pattern of the part to be cast. The pattern is a model of the desired casting. Talcum powder is often dusted over the pattern to aid in the removal of the pattern. Sand is sifted over the pattern until the model is covered by a few inches of sand.
A template is prepared (typically made of wood, or a found object or even a body part such as a hand or fist) which is tightly pressed into the sand to make a clean impression. This impression then forms the mould. The surface of the mould can be covered in coloured glass powders or frits to give a surface colour to the sand cast glass object.
Shell molding, also known as shell-mold casting, [1] is an expendable mold casting process that uses resin covered sand to form the mold. As compared to sand casting , this process has better dimensional accuracy, a higher productivity rate, and lower labour requirements.