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Psychological egoism is the view that humans are always motivated by self-interest and selfishness, even in what seem to be acts of altruism.It claims that, when people choose to help others, they do so ultimately because of the personal benefits that they themselves expect to obtain, directly or indirectly, from doing so.
Louis Paul Pojman (/ ˈ p ɔɪ m ə n / April 22, 1935–October 15, 2005) was an American philosopher and professor, whose name is most recognized as the author of dozens of philosophy texts and anthologies, which continue to be used widely for educational purposes, and more than one-hundred papers, which he read at some sixty universities around the world.
The implications of selfishness have inspired divergent views within religious, philosophical, psychological, economic, and evolutionary contexts. Some early examples of "selfist" thinking are the egoistic philosophies of Yangism in ancient China and of Cyrenaic hedonism in ancient Greece.
In his work The Cement of the Universe: A Study of Causation, Mackie makes an analysis of causality by prior philosophers and sets forth his theory of causality based on counterfactual conditionals. He argued that a cause is an " INUS condition " (insufficient but non-redundant parts of a condition which is itself unnecessary but sufficient for ...
Following the independent publication of a pair of landmark papers in 2001 (respectively led by Jonathan Haidt and Joshua Greene), [37] [38] there was a surge in interest in moral psychology across a broad range of subfields of psychology, with interest shifting away from developmental processes towards a greater emphasis on social, cognitive ...
Democratic education is a theory of learning and school governance in which students and staff participate freely and equally in a school democracy. In a democratic school, there is typically shared decision-making among students and staff on matters concerning living, working, and learning together.
[1] [2] In these theories, action which is self-regarding may be simply termed egoistic. [5] The position that people tend to act in their own self-interest is called default egoism, [6] whereas psychological egoism is the position that all motivations are rooted in an ultimately self-serving psyche.
Mary Beatrice Midgley (née Scrutton; 13 September 1919 – 10 October 2018) [2] was a British philosopher.A senior lecturer in philosophy at Newcastle University, she was known for her work on science, ethics and animal rights.