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PPV is a diamagnetic material and has a very low intrinsic electrical conductivity, on the order of 10-13 S/cm. [1] The electrical conductivity increases upon doping with iodine, ferric chloride, alkali metals, or acids. However, the stability of these doped materials is relatively low.
The resistance of a given conductor depends on the material it is made of, and on its dimensions. For a given material, the resistance is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area. [1] For example, a thick copper wire has lower resistance than an otherwise-identical thin copper wire. Also, for a given material, the resistance is ...
The TPRC List is the TPRC estimate for well annealed Lead of 99.99+% purity and residual electrical resistivity ρ 0 =0.000880 μΩ cm. TPRC Data Series Volume 1, page 191. [8] This material is superconductive (electrical) at temperatures below 7.193 Kelvins. Weast page E-87. [27] Limestone: 1.26 [19] - 1.33 [19] Indiana Limestone R 1.19 1.21 1 ...
Metals and other solid materials expand upon heating and contract upon cooling. This is an undesirable occurrence in electrical systems. Copper has a low coefficient of thermal expansion for an electrical conducting material. Aluminium, an alternate common conductor, expands nearly one third more than copper under increasing temperatures.
Both are used to create electrically conductive paths through the walls of sealed borosilicate glass containers. Dumet is used for a similar purpose, but is tailored for seals through soda lime and lead alkali silicate glasses. These alloys adhere to lead-tin, tin, and silver solders. Other metals, including copper, molybdenum, nickel, and ...
For example, if A = 1 m 2, = 1 m (forming a cube with perfectly conductive contacts on opposite faces), then the resistance of this element in ohms is numerically equal to the resistivity of the material it is made of in Ω⋅m. Conductivity, σ, is the inverse of resistivity:
Oxygen vacancies are fairly common in SrTiO 3 crystals and thin films. Oxygen vacancies induce free electrons in the conduction band of the material, making it more conductive and opaque. These vacancies can be caused by exposure to reducing conditions, such as high vacuum at elevated temperatures.
Organic conductive materials can be grouped into two main classes: polymers and conductive molecular solids and salts. Polycyclic aromatic compounds such as pentacene and rubrene often form semiconducting materials when partially oxidized. Conductive polymers are often typically intrinsically conductive or at least semiconductors. They ...