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Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H 2 O.It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, [c] and nearly colorless chemical substance.It is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as a solvent [20]).
Using chemical nomenclature for type I ionic binary compounds, water would take the name hydrogen monoxide, [105] but this is not among the names published by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). [102] Another name is dihydrogen monoxide, which is a rarely used name of water, and mostly used in the dihydrogen monoxide ...
Like the periodic table, the list below organizes the elements by the number of protons in their atoms; it can also be organized by other properties, such as atomic weight, density, and electronegativity. For more detailed information about the origins of element names, see List of chemical element name etymologies.
An older system – relying on Latin names for the elements – is also sometimes used to name Type-II ionic binary compounds. In this system, the metal (instead of a Roman numeral next to it) has a suffix "-ic" or "-ous" added to it to indicate its oxidation state ("-ous" for lower, "-ic" for higher).
The Hill system (or Hill notation) is a system of writing empirical chemical formulae, molecular chemical formulae and components of a condensed formula such that the number of carbon atoms in a molecule is indicated first, the number of hydrogen atoms next, and then the number of all other chemical elements subsequently, in alphabetical order ...
Hydrogen gas is very rare in Earth's atmosphere (around 0.53 ppm on a molar basis [103]) because of its light weight, which enables it to escape the atmosphere more rapidly than heavier gases. However, hydrogen, usually in the form of water, is the third most abundant element on the Earth's surface, [ 104 ] mostly in the form of chemical ...
Ionic hydrides are used as bases and, occasionally, as reducing reagents in organic synthesis. [12] C 6 H 5 C(O)CH 3 + KH → C 6 H 5 C(O)CH 2 K + H 2. Typical solvents for such reactions are ethers. Water and other protic solvents cannot serve as a medium for ionic hydrides because the hydride ion is a stronger base than hydroxide and most ...
However, it should be noted that ionic vs. covalent (not to mention metallic and van der Waals bonding) is a continuum and that many such situations will require significant editorial judgement (e.g. mercury(II) chloride, which is in fact a molecular compound, or ruthenium(IV) oxide which exhibits metallic conductivity).