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The lungs of infants with respiratory distress syndrome are developmentally deficient in a material called surfactant, which helps prevent the collapse of the terminal air spaces (the future site of alveolar development) throughout the normal cycle of inhalation and exhalation. This deficiency of surfactant is related to inhibition from the ...
Pulmonary surfactant is used as a medication to treat and prevent respiratory distress syndrome in newborn babies. [1] Prevention is generally done in babies born at a gestational age of less than 32 weeks. [1] It is given by the endotracheal tube. [1] Onset of effects is rapid. [2] A number of doses may be needed. [2]
Conditions adult respiratory distress syndrome or Hyaline Membrane Disease are also sometimes treated with exogenously derived surfactant. One of the more common uses of surfactant therapy is to treat alveolar surfactant deficiency in premature newborns. Most commonly, treatment is composed of multiple doses of 100 mg/kg of exogenous surfactant ...
Inherited SP-B deficiency is an ultra-rare monogenic cause of fatal respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants with few, if any, options for long-term survival; Highly encouraging preclinical data highlight the possibility of lifelong treatment from a single administration of AVG-002 with preparations for clinical development underway
Lucinactant is listed as an Orphan Drug Product by the US Food and Drug Administration for several conditions: [9] [10] 07-30-1996 Treatment of meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn infants; 07-17-1995 Treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults. 05-23-2006 Prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants
However, surfactant decreases the alveolar surface tension, as seen in cases of premature infants with infant respiratory distress syndrome. The normal surface tension for water is 70 dyn/cm (70 mN/m) and in the lungs, it is 25 dyn/cm (25 mN/m); however, at the end of the expiration, compressed surfactant phospholipid molecules decrease the ...
The treatment of preterm infants with RDS using surfactants was initially developed in the 1960s, and recent studies have demonstrated an improvement in clinical outcomes. [13] The first treatment given to some newborns with RDS was surfactant phospholipids, specifically DPPC, by means of an aerosol (Robillard, 1964).
Transient tachypnea of the newborn occurs in approximately 1 in 100 preterm infants and 3.6–5.7 per 1000 term infants. It is most common in infants born by caesarian section without a trial of labor after 35 weeks of gestation. Male infants and infants with an umbilical cord prolapse or perinatal asphyxia are at higher risk.