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A protist (/ ˈ p r oʊ t ɪ s t / PROH-tist) or protoctist is any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, land plant, or fungus.Protists do not form a natural group, or clade, but are a polyphyletic grouping of several independent clades that evolved from the last eukaryotic common ancestor.
All eukaryotes apart from animals, plants and fungi are considered protists. [1] Its field of study therefore overlaps with the more traditional disciplines of phycology , mycology , and protozoology , just as protists embrace mostly unicellular organisms described as algae , some organisms regarded previously as primitive fungi , and protozoa ...
A protist (/ ˈ p r oʊ t ɪ s t /) is any eukaryotic organism (one with cells containing a nucleus) that is not an animal, plant, or fungus.The protists do not form a natural group, or clade, since they exclude certain eukaryotes with whom they share a common ancestor; [a] but, like algae or invertebrates, the grouping is used for convenience.
Some modern authors prefer to exclude multicellular organisms from the traditional definition of a protist, restricting protists to unicellular organisms. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] This more constrained definition excludes all brown , the multicellular red and green algae , and, sometimes, slime molds (slime molds excluded when multicellularity is defined ...
Protists are distributed across all major groups of eukaryotes, including those that contain multicellular algae, green plants, animals, and fungi. If photosynthetic and fungal protists are distinguished from protozoa, they appear as shown in the phylogenetic tree of eukaryotic groups.
Protists are the eukaryotes that cannot be classified as plants, fungi or animals. They are mostly unicellular and microscopic.Many unicellular protists, particularly protozoans, are motile and can generate movement using flagella, cilia or pseudopods.
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After the LECA, some 2 billion years ago, the eukaryotes diversified into a crown group, which gave rise to animals, plants, fungi, and protists. Eukaryogenesis , the process which created the eukaryotic cell and lineage, is a milestone in the evolution of life, since eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular organisms.