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The Greek and Turkish Assistance Act was the first major foreign policy action of the Truman Doctrine. After World War II, a power struggle emerged between the United States, who was trying to promote democracy around the world, and the Soviet Union, who advocated for Communist regimes. These conflicting ideologies led to proxy wars being ...
This intimidation campaign was intended to preempt American influence or naval presence in the Black Sea, as well as to weaken Turkey's government and pull it into the Soviet sphere of influence. [4] The Straits crisis was a catalyst, along with the Greek Civil War, for the creation of the Truman Doctrine. [2]
Truman argued that if Greece and Turkey did not receive the aid, they would inevitably fall out of the United States' sphere of influence and into the communist bloc, with grave consequences throughout the region. The Truman Doctrine was informally extended to become the basis of American Cold War policy throughout Europe and around the world. [5]
Although the far left element in the Democratic Party and the Congress of Industrial Organizations was being expelled, some liberal Democrats opposed the Truman Doctrine. Eleanor Roosevelt wrote Truman in April 1947 calling him to rely on the UN instead of his Truman Doctrine. She denounced Greece and Turkey because they were undemocratic.
The Truman Doctrine used adherence to democracy in its strategic goals. Democracy was used to secure congressional aid for Turkey. Truman's strategic imperatives and democratic rhetoric against communist ideology held the position that because of US assistance against the Soviets, Turkey moved away from a single-party towards a multi-party system.
In 1947, Truman promulgated the Truman Doctrine, which called for the United States to prevent the spread of Communism through foreign aid to Greece and Turkey. In 1948 the Republican-controlled Congress approved the Marshall Plan , a massive financial aid package designed to rebuild Western Europe.
The Cold War from 1947 to 1948 is the period within the Cold War from the Truman Doctrine in 1947 to the incapacitation of the Allied Control Council in 1948. The Cold War emerged in Europe a few years after the successful US–USSR–UK coalition won World War II in Europe, and extended to 1989–1991. It took place worldwide, but it had a ...
The 1947 Truman Doctrine was part of the United States' political response to perceived aggression by the Soviet Union in Europe and the Middle East, illustrated through the communist movements in Iran, Turkey, and Greece. [9] As a result, U.S. foreign policy towards the USSR shifted, as George F. Kennan phrased it, to that of containment. [9]