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Lead citrate is a compound of lead and citrate that is primarily used as an enhancer for heavy metal staining in electron microscopy. [2] This salt binds to osmium and uranyl acetate and enhances contrast in many cellular structures. Lead citrate is highly reactive with carbon dioxide.
Micrograph of a GFAP immunostained section of a brain tumour.. In biochemistry, immunostaining is any use of an antibody-based method to detect a specific protein in a sample. . The term "immunostaining" was originally used to refer to the immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections, as first described by Albert Coons in 1941.
A simple staining method for bacteria that is usually successful, even when the positive staining methods fail, is to use a negative stain. This can be achieved by smearing the sample onto the slide and then applying nigrosin (a black synthetic dye) or India ink (an aqueous suspension of carbon particles).
The acid-fast staining method, in conjunction with auramine phenol staining, serves as the standard diagnostic tool and is widely accessible for rapidly diagnosing tuberculosis (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and other diseases caused by atypical mycobacteria, such as leprosy (caused by Mycobacterium leprae) and Mycobacterium avium ...
Gram stain (Gram staining or Gram's method), is a method of staining used to classify bacterial species into two large groups: gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. It may also be used to diagnose a fungal infection. [1] The name comes from the Danish bacteriologist Hans Christian Gram, who developed the technique in 1884. [2]
Reproduction of an early electron microscope constructed by Ernst Ruska in the 1930s. Many developments laid the groundwork of the electron optics used in microscopes. [2] One significant step was the work of Hertz in 1883 [3] who made a cathode-ray tube with electrostatic and magnetic deflection, demonstrating manipulation of the direction of an electron beam.
This method will also work with lead(II) carbonate or lead(II) oxide. Pb + H 2 O 2 + 2 H + → Pb 2+ + 2 H 2 O Pb 2+ + 2 AcO − → Pb(OAc) 2. Lead(II) acetate can also be made by dissolving lead(II) oxide in acetic acid: [7] PbO + 2 AcOH → Pb(OAc) 2 + H 2 O. Lead(II) acetate can also be made via a single-displacement reaction between copper ...
The most common staining technique used to identify acid-fast bacteria is the Ziehl–Neelsen stain, in which the acid-fast species are stained bright red and stand out clearly against a blue background. Another method is the Kinyoun method, in which the