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The Immutability or Unchangeability of God is an attribute that "God is unchanging in his character, will, and covenant promises." [1] The Westminster Shorter Catechism says that "[God] is a spirit, whose being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness, and truth are infinite, eternal, and unchangeable." Those things do not change.
Scripture (Sruti Śabda) is the main reliable source of knowledge . [23] Brahman - Īśvara (God), exists as the unchanging material cause and instrumental cause of the world. The exception is that Dvaita Vedanta does not hold Brahman to be the material cause, but only the efficient cause.
Brahman of Dvaita is a concept similar to God in major world religions. [18] Dvaita holds that the individual Self is dependent on God, but distinct. [18] Dvaita philosophy argues against the concept of a shared existence between Brahman and finite beings.
Many forms of Hinduism believe in a type of monotheistic God, such as Krishnaism with polymorphic theism, some schools of Vedanta, and Arya Samaj. [60] [61] [62] Advaita Vedanta, for instance, espouses monism, and holds Brahman to be unchanging and undifferentiated from reality. Brahman is therefore undifferentiated from the individual self, or ...
Scotus held that while our duties to God (the first three commandments, traditionally thought of as the First Tablet) are self-evident, true by definition, and unchangeable even by God, our duties to others (found on the second tablet) were arbitrarily willed by God and are within his power to revoke and replace (although, the third commandment ...
God Himself does not know what He is because He is not anything [i.e., "not any created thing"]. Literally God is not, because He transcends being. [80] When he says "He is not anything" and "God is not", Scotus does not mean that there is no God, but that God cannot be said to exist in the way that creation exists, i.e. that God is uncreated.
For both Whitehead and Hartshorne, it is an essential attribute of God to affect and be affected by temporal processes, contrary to the forms of theism that hold God to be in all respects non-temporal , unchanging , and unaffected by the world . Process theology does not deny that God is in some respects eternal (will never die), immutable (in ...
Despite its profound influence, classical theism has been subject to significant critique, particularly in the modern era. Philosophers and theologians have challenged the coherence of attributes like divine simplicity and immutability, questioning how an unchanging God can interact with a dynamic world or respond to human prayer.
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