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In Gaelic Ireland, a political and social system existing in Ireland from the prehistoric period (500 BC or earlier) up until the Norman conquest (12th century AD), the bothach ("hut-dweller"), fuidir (perhaps linked to fot, "soil") [43] and sencléithe ("old dwelling-house") [44] were low-ranked semi-free servile tenants similar to serfs.
The demise of this empire, which had ruled much of western Europe for more than 200 years, ushered in a long period during which no strong central government existed in most of Europe. During this period, powerful feudal lords encouraged the establishment of serfdom as a source of agricultural labor. Serfdom, indeed, was an institution that ...
Serfdom abolished. Florida: Negro Fort destroyed in the Battle of Negro Fort by U.S. forces under the command of General Andrew Jackson. Algeria: Algiers bombarded by the British and Dutch navies in an attempt to end North African piracy and slave raiding in the Mediterranean. 3,000 slaves freed. 1817: Courland: Serfdom abolished. United ...
The governments of Ireland and the United Kingdom sign the Anglo-Irish Agreement. 1990: 3 December: Mary Robinson becomes the first female President of Ireland. 1995: Ireland enters the Celtic Tiger period, a time of high economic growth which continues until 2007. 1998: April
The end of serfdom is also debated, with Georges Duby pointing to the early 12th century as a rough end point for "serfdom in the strict sense of the term". [186] Other historians dispute this assertion, citing discussions and the mention of serfdom as an institution during later dates (such as in 13th century England , or in Central Europe ...
The period between the start of the Iron Age and the historic period (AD 431) saw the gradual infiltration of small groups of Celtic-speaking people into Ireland, [18] [19] with items of the continental Celtic La Tene style being found in at least the northern part of the island by about 300 BC.
Ireland was part of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1922. For almost all of this period, the island was governed by the UK Parliament in London through its Dublin Castle administration in Ireland.
Plague brought an eventual end of serfdom in Western Europe. The manorial system was already in trouble, but the Black Death assured its demise throughout much of Western and Central Europe by 1500. Severe depopulation and migration of the village to cities caused an acute shortage of agricultural labourers. Many villages were abandoned.