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Colourless diboron tetrachloride (m.p. -93 °C) is a planar molecule in the solid, (similar to dinitrogen tetroxide, but in the gas phase the structure is staggered. [4] It decomposes (disproportionates) at room temperatures to give a series of monochlorides having the general formula (BCl) n, in which n may be 8, 9, 10, or 11.
Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule. It includes the general shape of the molecule as well as bond lengths, bond angles, torsional angles and any other geometrical parameters that determine the position of each atom. Molecular geometry influences several properties of a substance ...
In chemistry, trigonal planar is a molecular geometry model with one atom at the center and three atoms at the corners of an equilateral triangle, called peripheral atoms, all in one plane. [1] In an ideal trigonal planar species, all three ligands are identical and all bond angles are 120°.
In the carbon tetrachloride molecule, four chlorine atoms are positioned symmetrically as corners in a tetrahedral configuration joined to a central carbon atom by single covalent bonds. Because of this symmetric geometry, CCl 4 is non-polar. Methane gas has the same structure, making carbon tetrachloride a halomethane.
The chloroform molecule can be viewed as a methane molecule with three hydrogen atoms replaced with three chlorine atoms, leaving a single hydrogen atom. The name "chloroform" is a portmanteau of terchloride (tertiary chloride, a trichloride) and formyle , an obsolete name for the methylylidene radical (CH) derived from formic acid .
This would result in the geometry of a regular tetrahedron with each bond angle equal to arccos(− 1 / 3 ) ≈ 109.5°. However, the three hydrogen atoms are repelled by the electron lone pair in a way that the geometry is distorted to a trigonal pyramid (regular 3-sided pyramid) with bond angles of 107°.
The three oxygen atoms form a trigonal planar geometry around the boron. The B-O bond length is 136 pm and the O-H is 97 pm. The molecular point group is C 3h. [5] Two crystalline forms of orthoboric acid are known: triclinic with space group P 1, and trigonal with space group P3 2. The former is the most common; the second, which is a bit more ...
The molecule has no dipole moment by virtue of its high symmetry. The molecule is isoelectronic with the carbonate anion, CO 2− 3 . BF 3 is commonly referred to as " electron deficient ," a description that is reinforced by its exothermic reactivity toward Lewis bases .