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The Quran was canonized only after Muhammad's death in 632 CE. According to Islamic tradition the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 23/644–35 AH/655 CE) established the canonical Qur'an, reportedly starting the process in 644 CE, [6] and completing the work around 650 CE (the exact date was not recorded by early Arab annalists). [7]
The Ma'il Quran is an 8th-century Quran (between 700 and 799 CE) originating from the Arabian peninsula. It contains two-thirds of the Qur'ān text and is one of the oldest Qur'āns in the world. It was purchased by the British Museum in 1879 from the Reverend Greville John Chester and is now kept in the British Library.
The history of the Quran, the holy book of Islam, is the timeline ranging from the inception of the Quran during the lifetime of Muhammad (believed to have received the Quran through revelation between 610 and 632 CE [1]), to the emergence, transmission, and canonization of its written copies.
The Cairo edition, published in Egypt in 1924, is the dominant print edition of the Quran today. It follows the Hafs reading. Earlier but lesser-known print editions also once existed, including the Hinckelmann edition , Marracci edition , both from the late 17th century, and notably the Flugel edition , established in 1834 and remaining in use ...
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The first volume, consisting of 1016 pages in French, addresses historical and methodological questions. The second volume provides a translation and running commentary on the Quranic text, [6] while the third is dedicated to the bibliography and sources used. [9] The total length of all three volumes exceeds 3500 pages. [10]
In the Qatar Islamic Cultural Center in Doha, a copy of the Istanbul Quran is inscribed next to it for identification: "This large Quran is an image of the oldest Quran in existence, preserved in the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, dating back more than 1,400 years, and the image here was taken from the original book page by page to show that the ...
Page from the Topkapi manuscript with heading for the chapter Ad-Dhuha. The Topkapı manuscript or Topkapı Quran (Also known as Topkapı Qurʾān Manuscript H.S. 32 or Topkapı H.S. 32) [1] is an early manuscript of the Quran dated to the middle 2nd century AH (mid 8th century AD). [2] This manuscript is kept in the Topkapi Palace Museum ...