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The carina occurs at the lower end of the trachea - usually at the level of the 4th to 5th thoracic vertebra. [3] [4] This is in line with the sternal angle, but the carina may raise or descend up to two vertebrae higher or lower with breathing. The carina lies to the left of the midline, and runs antero-posteriorly (front to back). [citation ...
The carina of the trachea is a hook shaped process projecting backward from the lower margin of lowest tracheal ring. It helps to divide the trachea into two primary bronchi. The right bronchus makes an angle of 25°, while the left one makes an angle of 45°. The carina is a sensitive area.
Each lung has a costal surface, which is adjacent to the ribcage; a diaphragmatic surface, which faces downward toward the diaphragm; and a mediastinal surface, which faces toward the center of the chest, and lies against the heart, great vessels, and the carina where the two mainstem bronchi branch off from the base of the trachea.
The carina of the trachea is located at the level of the sternal angle and the fifth thoracic vertebra (at rest). The right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left main bronchus, [ 3 ] its mean length is 1.09 cm. [ 4 ] It enters the root of the right lung at approximately the fifth thoracic vertebra.
The medial surfaces of the lungs face towards the centre of the chest, and lie against the heart, great vessels, and the carina where the trachea divides into the two main bronchi. [3] The cardiac impression is an indentation formed on the surfaces of the lungs where they rest against the heart.
The laryngotracheal groove is a precursor for the larynx and trachea. The rudiment of the respiratory organs appears as a median longitudinal groove in the ventral wall of the pharynx . The groove deepens, and its lips fuse to form a septum, which grows from below upward and converts the groove into a tube, the laryngotracheal tube .
The anterior thoracic wall, the airways and the pulmonary vessels anterior to the root of the lung have been digitally removed in order to visualize the different levels of the pulmonary circulation. Image showing main pulmonary artery coursing ventrally to the aortic root and trachea .
Bronchopulmonary nodes (hilar nodes) situate in the hilum of each lung. Pulmonary nodes are embedded the lung substance on the larger branches of the bronchi. The afferents of the tracheobronchial glands drain the lungs and bronchi, the thoracic part of the trachea and the heart ; some of the efferents of the posterior mediastinal glands also ...