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Iran, [a] [b] officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) [c] and also known as Persia, [d] is a country in West Asia.It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
Eastern Arabia was conquered early on. During Khosrow II's rule in 590–628, Egypt, Jordan, Palestine and Lebanon were also annexed to the Empire. The Sassanians called their empire Erânshahr ("Dominion of the Aryans", i.e., of Iranians). [66] A chapter of Iran's history followed after roughly six hundred years of conflict with the Roman Empire.
In a sense, Iranian Islam is a second advent of Islam itself, a new Islam sometimes referred to as Islam-i Ajam. It was this Persian Islam, rather than the original Arab Islam, that was brought to new areas and new peoples: to the Turks, first in Central Asia and then in the Middle East in the country which came to be called Turkey, and of ...
The Islamization of Iran began with the Muslim conquest of Iran, when the Rashidun Caliphate annexed the Sasanian Empire. It was a long process by which Islam , though initially rejected, eventually spread among the Persians and the other Iranian peoples .
The concept had previously been used in the form of Eranshahr, the official name of Iran under the Sasanian Empire (224–651), which promoted the concept of Iran as a protected political unit ruled by the state and with a distinct geographical region. Iran's loss of territory under the Qajars in the 19th century led to a new understanding of ...
The Rashidun caliphate or the early caliphate, [3] was the first Islamic state under the name of Caliphate, which appeared on the day of the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 8 June 632 CE (28 Safar 11 AH) [4] and it lasted until the year 661 CE (40 AH).
Mamalik-i Mahrusa-yi Iran (Guarded Domains of Iran) was the common and official name of the Safavid realm. [42] [43] The idea of the Guarded Domains illustrated a feeling of territorial and political uniformity in a society where the Persian language, culture, monarchy, and Shia Islam became integral elements of the developing national identity. [44]
The Guarded Domains of Iran, [a] alternatively the Sublime State of Iran [b] and commonly called Qajar Iran, Qajar Persia or the Qajar Empire, was the Iranian state [7] under the rule of the Qajar dynasty, which was of Oghuz Turkic origin, [8] [9] [10] specifically from the Qajar tribe, from 1789 to 1925.