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  2. Surfactant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactant

    The structure of surfactant layers can be studied by ellipsometry or X-ray reflectivity. Surface rheology can be characterized by the oscillating drop method or shear surface rheometers such as double-cone, double-ring or magnetic rod shear surface rheometer.

  3. Pulmonary surfactant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_surfactant

    Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins formed by type II alveolar cells. [1] The proteins and lipids that make up the surfactant have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

  4. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

    Lung surfactant (LS) is a surface-active material produced by most air-breathing animals for the purpose of reducing the surface tension of the water layer where gas exchange occurs in the lungs, given that the movements due to inhalation and exhalation may cause damage if there is not enough energy to sustain alveolar structural integrity.

  5. Pulmonary alveolus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_alveolus

    The membrane has several layers – a layer of alveolar lining fluid that contains surfactant, the epithelial layer and its basement membrane; a thin interstitial space between the epithelial lining and the capillary membrane; a capillary basement membrane that often fuses with the alveolar basement membrane, and the capillary endothelial membrane.

  6. Lamellar bodies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamellar_bodies

    Red arrows indicate secreted lamellar bodies, and green arrows indicate lamellar bodies in the cytoplasm. Scale bar = 200 nm. In cell biology, lamellar bodies (otherwise known as lamellar granules, membrane-coating granules (MCGs), keratinosomes or Odland bodies) are secretory organelles found in type II alveolar cells in the lungs, and in keratinocytes in the skin.

  7. Phosphatidylcholine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylcholine

    Phosphatidylcholine is a major constituent of cell membranes and pulmonary surfactant, and is more commonly found in the exoplasmic or outer leaflet of a cell membrane. It is thought to be transported between membranes within the cell by phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PCTP). [3]

  8. Biosurfactant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosurfactant

    Like synthetic surfactants, they are composed of a hydrophilic moiety made up of amino acids, peptides, (poly)saccharides, or sugar alcohols and a hydrophobic moiety consisting of fatty acids. Correspondingly, the significant classes of biosurfactants include glycolipids , lipopeptides and lipoproteins, and polymeric surfactants as well as ...

  9. Lipid bilayer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_bilayer

    The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells . The cell membranes of almost all organisms and many viruses are made of a lipid bilayer, as are the nuclear membrane surrounding the cell nucleus , and ...